Physics of Music, Fall 2008 
 
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Physics of Music

Fall 2008

Instructor: Dr. Jerry Crawford   Office: Berndt 605   Phone: x7489   E-mail: crawford_g@fortlewis.edu

General Information:

Overview: This course explores the physics of sound, hearing and music, as well as modern and historical perspectives on connections between music and science. The course will focus on the concepts involved in sound production, propagation and perception. Musical scales, instruments and the human voice will also be explored. No prior musical knowledge is required. Modest competency with algebra will be expected.

Prerequisites: This class doesn’t have any prerequisites aside from the requirements for taking a TS2 course. Part of what makes a course like this so interesting is the wide range of students that take the course. Your classmates will have widely varying degrees of scientific and musical training.

Math & Critical Thinking: Mathematics can be thought of as the language of science. In this class we will use equations to understand some of the physical phenomena that we are studying. You will be expected to be able to solve basic algebraic equations, as well as have some familiarity with trigonometric functions (sin, cos & tan) and logarithms. Homework and tests will require some mathematics. That said, the main focus of this course will be conceptual understanding. Even when no equations are involved, critical thinking will be expected at all times.

Text & Equipment: The Physics of Sound, 3rd ed. by Richard E. Berg and David G. Stork is a required text for this class. You will need your text in class. PRS transmitters are also required for this class. These can be purchased at the bookstore and need to be brought to class every day starting with the 2nd class meeting (Wednesday, September 29th).

Calculator: A scientific calculator that has at least trig functions (sin & cos) and logs will be needed for this course, both in class and for labs and homework.

Course Components:

Reading Quizzes: There will be a closed-book reading quiz using the PRS at the start of most class periods. The quiz is intended to encourage you to read the assigned sections before coming to class that day. You must have your PRS transmitter to participate in the reading quiz.

PRS Participation: In nearly every class there will be PRS discussion questions. Part of your grade in the overall course comes from how often you participate in these questions (you do not have to get them right). If you participate in less than 60% of these questions you will get no credit for PRS participation.

Homework: Each week there will be a group of questions and problems as assigned homework. This assignment will usually be due on Friday by 3:00 p.m. in the labeled box outside the physics & engineering study room (Berndt 671). Part of your grade on the homework will come from attempting to answer all the questions assigned. The rest of the grade comes from a complete and correct answer to a selected group of the assigned questions (chosen by me). These assignments are to be individual work, so you should take care to make sure that your homework is not identical to any other student’s. Homework scores account for 25% of your final grade.

Project: Each student will write a short paper and give a brief presentation (both on the same topic) during the last few weeks of the course. The paper will be worth 10% of your final grade, and the presentation will be worth 5%.

Connections: At various points during the term I will ask you to connect the class material with your personal experiences. This may include simply sharing some of your favorite music with the class or discussing what you learned on a field trip. Good grammar, spelling and writing skills will be important on these assignments. Plagiarism of any kind will be dealt with severely. These activities account for 5% of your final grade.

Exams & Quizzes: Exams and quizzes are closed-book. Exams will include multiple-choice questions, numerical questions and short answer questions. On the numerical and short answer questions, partial credit will be given for good reasoning, even if the end result is inaccurate. Correct answers with no supporting reasoning will be given little or no credit. Make-up, early and late exams and quizzes are given only under extreme circumstances, it is your responsibility to be at each exam or quiz, even if the date of the exam changes.

Other Important Information:

Turning in Your Work: At no time should you slide anything under my office door. Chances are good it will end up with a muddy footprint on it and/or be immediately misplaced. Work may be turned in to me in class or into the labeled box outside the physics & engineering study room (Berndt 671).

Online Course Management System: We will be using Moodle, a course management system, in this class.

Grading Errors: Requests for re-grading of an exam must be in writing and must specify exactly why additional credit is warranted. No requests for changing an exam grade will be accepted more than 48 hours after an exam is returned.

Academic Dishonesty: Any incidence of academic dishonesty will usually result in a zero on the assignment in question and referral to college authorities. I retain the right to adjust these consequences on a case-by-case basis. If you are unsure whether what you are doing is plagiarism it is your responsibility to ask me before you turn in your work.

Students with Disabilities: Students with disabilities have equal access and equal opportunity in this course. If you require reasonable accommodations to fully participate in course activities or meet course requirements, you must register with Disability Services, 280 Noble Hall, 247-7459. If you qualify for services, bring your letter of accommodation to me as soon as possible.

Grades:


Total Grades: Your total grade is calculated as follows:

               Midterms & Quizzes        =    35%

               Comprehensive final         =    10%

               Homework                      =    25%

               Project                            =    15%

               Connections                    =    5%

               Reading Assignments       =    5%

               PRS Participation            =    5%

 

Final grades are assigned using the following scale. Note that this is a guideline based on previous classes. The actual scale for this class may be higher or lower than these.

Grading Scale:

90  -  100%   =    A

88  -  89%     =    A-

76  -  87%     =    B

65  -  75%     =    C

55  -  64%     =    D

0    -  54%     =    F


Final Grades
: Your final grade is final – no work may be handed in for additional credit after the final exam.

Please also read the Physics & Engineering Syllabus Addendum.

Tentative Schedule

Week

Date

Day

#

Reading

Topics

Homework

1

9/1

M

1

-

Greetings, Information, Physics Toolbox

 

 

9/3

W

2

1.1 - 2.1

Simple Harmonic Motion & Waves

 

 

9/5

F

3

2.2 - 2.3

Wave Properties & Behaviors I

Hwk #1: Ch. 1: Q: 2, 6, 8  P: 3, 5, 6 +Theory

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

9/8

M

4

2.4 - 2.6

Wave Properties & Behaviors II

 

 

9/10

W

5

2.7 - 3.2

Ultrasonics, Infrasonics, and The Harmonic Series

 

 

9/12

F

6

3.3 - 3.5

Standing waves

Hwk #2: Ch. 2: Q: 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 12, 15  P: 2, 6, 7 +Theory

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

9/15

M

7

-

Catch-up and review

 

 

9/17

W

QZ

-

Quiz (chapters 1-3)

Hwk #3: Ch. 3: Q: 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14  P: 1, 3, 4 +Theory

 

9/19

F

8

4.1 - 4.3

Analysis & Synthesis of Complex Waves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

9/22

M

9

4.4

Tone Quality & Resonance Curves

 

 

9/24

W

10

6.1 - 6.2

The Ear and Place Theory of Hearing

 

 

9/26

F

11

6.3 - 6.4

Amplitude Response, Sound Intensity Level and Logarithms

Hwk #4: Ch. 4: Q: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9  P: 3, 7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

9/29

M

12

-

Decibels & Intensity JND

 

 

10/1

W

13

6.5 - 6.8

Loudness, Periodicity Pitch, Aural Harmonics & Masking

 

 

10/3

F

14

6.9 - 6.11

Binaural Effects & Hearing Loss

Hwk #5: Ch 6: Q: 2, 3, 5, 7, 18  P: 1, 2, 4, 7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

10/6

M

15

6.12 - 6.14

The Voice

 

 

10/8

W

16

-

Review For Exam 1

Hwk #6: Ch. 6: Q: 6, 8, 10, 11, 12  P: 3, 5

 

10/10

F

17

-

Exam 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7

10/13

M

EX

7.1 - 7.3

Amplification & Microphones

Project proposal assigned

 

10/15

W

18

7.4 - 7.6

Speakers & Amplifiers

 

 

10/17

F

19

7.8 - 7.10

Digital Music: CDs & MP3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8

10/20

M

20

8.1 - 8.2

Criteria and Problems in Acoustical Design

Hwk #7: Ch 7: Q: 2, 4, 5, 7, 10  P: 2, 3, 4

 

10/22

W

21

8.3 - 8.5

Reverberation Time and Auditorium Design

Project proposal due

 

10/24

F

22

-

Field trip to concert hall

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9

10/27

M

23

-

Pitch Level & Pythagorean Temperament

Hwk #8: Ch 8: Q: 2, 3, 8, 10, 14  P: 1, 2 + Theory

 

10/29

W

24

9.1 - 9.3

Just, Mean-tone & Equal Temperaments

 

 

10/31

F

25

9.4 - 9.8

Review For Exam 2

Hwk #9: Ch 9: Q: 1, 2, 3  P: 1, 2, 5, 6 + Theory

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

11/3

M

26

-

Exam 2

 

 

11/5

W

EX

-

Student project presentations

 

 

11/7

F

27

-

Student project presentations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11

11/10

M

28

-

Student project presentations

 

 

11/12

W

29

-

Student project presentations

 

 

11/14

F

30

-

Student project presentations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

11/17

M

31

-

Student project presentations

 

 

11/19

W

32

10.1 - 10.3

Woodwinds & Recorders

 

 

11/21

F

33

10.9

Organ Pipes

Hwk #10: Ch 10: P: 7, 8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11/24

 

 

 

 

 

 

11/26

 

 

 

Thanksgiving Break!

 

 

11/28

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13

12/1

M

34

-

Field trip to pipe organ!

 

 

12/3

W

35

11.1 - 11.2

Brass

 

 

12/5

F

36

12.1 - 12.3

Strings & The Violin Family

Hwk #11: Ch 11: P: 4, 6; Ch 12: P: 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14

12/8

M

37

13.1 - 13.4

The Piano

 

 

12/10

W

38

14.1 - 14.4

Percussion

 

 

12/12

F

39

-

Review For Final

Hwk #12: Ch 13: P: 1, 3; Ch 14: Q: 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12/15

M

 

 

 

 

 

12/17

W

40

9:45-11:45

Final Exam